Source file src/os/exec/exec_test.go

Documentation: os/exec

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // Use an external test to avoid os/exec -> net/http -> crypto/x509 -> os/exec
     6  // circular dependency on non-cgo darwin.
     7  
     8  package exec_test
     9  
    10  import (
    11  	"bufio"
    12  	"bytes"
    13  	"context"
    14  	"fmt"
    15  	"internal/poll"
    16  	"internal/testenv"
    17  	"io"
    18  	"io/ioutil"
    19  	"log"
    20  	"net"
    21  	"net/http"
    22  	"net/http/httptest"
    23  	"os"
    24  	"os/exec"
    25  	"path/filepath"
    26  	"runtime"
    27  	"strconv"
    28  	"strings"
    29  	"testing"
    30  	"time"
    31  )
    32  
    33  func helperCommandContext(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s ...string) (cmd *exec.Cmd) {
    34  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
    35  
    36  	cs := []string{"-test.run=TestHelperProcess", "--"}
    37  	cs = append(cs, s...)
    38  	if ctx != nil {
    39  		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, os.Args[0], cs...)
    40  	} else {
    41  		cmd = exec.Command(os.Args[0], cs...)
    42  	}
    43  	cmd.Env = []string{"GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1"}
    44  	return cmd
    45  }
    46  
    47  func helperCommand(t *testing.T, s ...string) *exec.Cmd {
    48  	return helperCommandContext(t, nil, s...)
    49  }
    50  
    51  func TestEcho(t *testing.T) {
    52  	bs, err := helperCommand(t, "echo", "foo bar", "baz").Output()
    53  	if err != nil {
    54  		t.Errorf("echo: %v", err)
    55  	}
    56  	if g, e := string(bs), "foo bar baz\n"; g != e {
    57  		t.Errorf("echo: want %q, got %q", e, g)
    58  	}
    59  }
    60  
    61  func TestCommandRelativeName(t *testing.T) {
    62  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
    63  
    64  	// Run our own binary as a relative path
    65  	// (e.g. "_test/exec.test") our parent directory.
    66  	base := filepath.Base(os.Args[0]) // "exec.test"
    67  	dir := filepath.Dir(os.Args[0])   // "/tmp/go-buildNNNN/os/exec/_test"
    68  	if dir == "." {
    69  		t.Skip("skipping; running test at root somehow")
    70  	}
    71  	parentDir := filepath.Dir(dir) // "/tmp/go-buildNNNN/os/exec"
    72  	dirBase := filepath.Base(dir)  // "_test"
    73  	if dirBase == "." {
    74  		t.Skipf("skipping; unexpected shallow dir of %q", dir)
    75  	}
    76  
    77  	cmd := exec.Command(filepath.Join(dirBase, base), "-test.run=TestHelperProcess", "--", "echo", "foo")
    78  	cmd.Dir = parentDir
    79  	cmd.Env = []string{"GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1"}
    80  
    81  	out, err := cmd.Output()
    82  	if err != nil {
    83  		t.Errorf("echo: %v", err)
    84  	}
    85  	if g, e := string(out), "foo\n"; g != e {
    86  		t.Errorf("echo: want %q, got %q", e, g)
    87  	}
    88  }
    89  
    90  func TestCatStdin(t *testing.T) {
    91  	// Cat, testing stdin and stdout.
    92  	input := "Input string\nLine 2"
    93  	p := helperCommand(t, "cat")
    94  	p.Stdin = strings.NewReader(input)
    95  	bs, err := p.Output()
    96  	if err != nil {
    97  		t.Errorf("cat: %v", err)
    98  	}
    99  	s := string(bs)
   100  	if s != input {
   101  		t.Errorf("cat: want %q, got %q", input, s)
   102  	}
   103  }
   104  
   105  func TestEchoFileRace(t *testing.T) {
   106  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "echo")
   107  	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
   108  	if err != nil {
   109  		t.Fatalf("StdinPipe: %v", err)
   110  	}
   111  	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
   112  		t.Fatalf("Start: %v", err)
   113  	}
   114  	wrote := make(chan bool)
   115  	go func() {
   116  		defer close(wrote)
   117  		fmt.Fprint(stdin, "echo\n")
   118  	}()
   119  	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
   120  		t.Fatalf("Wait: %v", err)
   121  	}
   122  	<-wrote
   123  }
   124  
   125  func TestCatGoodAndBadFile(t *testing.T) {
   126  	// Testing combined output and error values.
   127  	bs, err := helperCommand(t, "cat", "/bogus/file.foo", "exec_test.go").CombinedOutput()
   128  	if _, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); !ok {
   129  		t.Errorf("expected *exec.ExitError from cat combined; got %T: %v", err, err)
   130  	}
   131  	s := string(bs)
   132  	sp := strings.SplitN(s, "\n", 2)
   133  	if len(sp) != 2 {
   134  		t.Fatalf("expected two lines from cat; got %q", s)
   135  	}
   136  	errLine, body := sp[0], sp[1]
   137  	if !strings.HasPrefix(errLine, "Error: open /bogus/file.foo") {
   138  		t.Errorf("expected stderr to complain about file; got %q", errLine)
   139  	}
   140  	if !strings.Contains(body, "func TestHelperProcess(t *testing.T)") {
   141  		t.Errorf("expected test code; got %q (len %d)", body, len(body))
   142  	}
   143  }
   144  
   145  func TestNoExistBinary(t *testing.T) {
   146  	// Can't run a non-existent binary
   147  	err := exec.Command("/no-exist-binary").Run()
   148  	if err == nil {
   149  		t.Error("expected error from /no-exist-binary")
   150  	}
   151  }
   152  
   153  func TestExitStatus(t *testing.T) {
   154  	// Test that exit values are returned correctly
   155  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "exit", "42")
   156  	err := cmd.Run()
   157  	want := "exit status 42"
   158  	switch runtime.GOOS {
   159  	case "plan9":
   160  		want = fmt.Sprintf("exit status: '%s %d: 42'", filepath.Base(cmd.Path), cmd.ProcessState.Pid())
   161  	}
   162  	if werr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
   163  		if s := werr.Error(); s != want {
   164  			t.Errorf("from exit 42 got exit %q, want %q", s, want)
   165  		}
   166  	} else {
   167  		t.Fatalf("expected *exec.ExitError from exit 42; got %T: %v", err, err)
   168  	}
   169  }
   170  
   171  func TestPipes(t *testing.T) {
   172  	check := func(what string, err error) {
   173  		if err != nil {
   174  			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", what, err)
   175  		}
   176  	}
   177  	// Cat, testing stdin and stdout.
   178  	c := helperCommand(t, "pipetest")
   179  	stdin, err := c.StdinPipe()
   180  	check("StdinPipe", err)
   181  	stdout, err := c.StdoutPipe()
   182  	check("StdoutPipe", err)
   183  	stderr, err := c.StderrPipe()
   184  	check("StderrPipe", err)
   185  
   186  	outbr := bufio.NewReader(stdout)
   187  	errbr := bufio.NewReader(stderr)
   188  	line := func(what string, br *bufio.Reader) string {
   189  		line, _, err := br.ReadLine()
   190  		if err != nil {
   191  			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", what, err)
   192  		}
   193  		return string(line)
   194  	}
   195  
   196  	err = c.Start()
   197  	check("Start", err)
   198  
   199  	_, err = stdin.Write([]byte("O:I am output\n"))
   200  	check("first stdin Write", err)
   201  	if g, e := line("first output line", outbr), "O:I am output"; g != e {
   202  		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", g, e)
   203  	}
   204  
   205  	_, err = stdin.Write([]byte("E:I am error\n"))
   206  	check("second stdin Write", err)
   207  	if g, e := line("first error line", errbr), "E:I am error"; g != e {
   208  		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", g, e)
   209  	}
   210  
   211  	_, err = stdin.Write([]byte("O:I am output2\n"))
   212  	check("third stdin Write 3", err)
   213  	if g, e := line("second output line", outbr), "O:I am output2"; g != e {
   214  		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", g, e)
   215  	}
   216  
   217  	stdin.Close()
   218  	err = c.Wait()
   219  	check("Wait", err)
   220  }
   221  
   222  const stdinCloseTestString = "Some test string."
   223  
   224  // Issue 6270.
   225  func TestStdinClose(t *testing.T) {
   226  	check := func(what string, err error) {
   227  		if err != nil {
   228  			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", what, err)
   229  		}
   230  	}
   231  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "stdinClose")
   232  	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
   233  	check("StdinPipe", err)
   234  	// Check that we can access methods of the underlying os.File.`
   235  	if _, ok := stdin.(interface {
   236  		Fd() uintptr
   237  	}); !ok {
   238  		t.Error("can't access methods of underlying *os.File")
   239  	}
   240  	check("Start", cmd.Start())
   241  	go func() {
   242  		_, err := io.Copy(stdin, strings.NewReader(stdinCloseTestString))
   243  		check("Copy", err)
   244  		// Before the fix, this next line would race with cmd.Wait.
   245  		check("Close", stdin.Close())
   246  	}()
   247  	check("Wait", cmd.Wait())
   248  }
   249  
   250  // Issue 17647.
   251  // It used to be the case that TestStdinClose, above, would fail when
   252  // run under the race detector. This test is a variant of TestStdinClose
   253  // that also used to fail when run under the race detector.
   254  // This test is run by cmd/dist under the race detector to verify that
   255  // the race detector no longer reports any problems.
   256  func TestStdinCloseRace(t *testing.T) {
   257  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "stdinClose")
   258  	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
   259  	if err != nil {
   260  		t.Fatalf("StdinPipe: %v", err)
   261  	}
   262  	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
   263  		t.Fatalf("Start: %v", err)
   264  	}
   265  	go func() {
   266  		// We don't check the error return of Kill. It is
   267  		// possible that the process has already exited, in
   268  		// which case Kill will return an error "process
   269  		// already finished". The purpose of this test is to
   270  		// see whether the race detector reports an error; it
   271  		// doesn't matter whether this Kill succeeds or not.
   272  		cmd.Process.Kill()
   273  	}()
   274  	go func() {
   275  		// Send the wrong string, so that the child fails even
   276  		// if the other goroutine doesn't manage to kill it first.
   277  		// This test is to check that the race detector does not
   278  		// falsely report an error, so it doesn't matter how the
   279  		// child process fails.
   280  		io.Copy(stdin, strings.NewReader("unexpected string"))
   281  		if err := stdin.Close(); err != nil {
   282  			t.Errorf("stdin.Close: %v", err)
   283  		}
   284  	}()
   285  	if err := cmd.Wait(); err == nil {
   286  		t.Fatalf("Wait: succeeded unexpectedly")
   287  	}
   288  }
   289  
   290  // Issue 5071
   291  func TestPipeLookPathLeak(t *testing.T) {
   292  	// If we are reading from /proc/self/fd we (should) get an exact result.
   293  	tolerance := 0
   294  
   295  	// Reading /proc/self/fd is more reliable than calling lsof, so try that
   296  	// first.
   297  	numOpenFDs := func() (int, []byte, error) {
   298  		fds, err := ioutil.ReadDir("/proc/self/fd")
   299  		if err != nil {
   300  			return 0, nil, err
   301  		}
   302  		return len(fds), nil, nil
   303  	}
   304  	want, before, err := numOpenFDs()
   305  	if err != nil {
   306  		// We encountered a problem reading /proc/self/fd (we might be on
   307  		// a platform that doesn't have it). Fall back onto lsof.
   308  		t.Logf("using lsof because: %v", err)
   309  		numOpenFDs = func() (int, []byte, error) {
   310  			// Android's stock lsof does not obey the -p option,
   311  			// so extra filtering is needed.
   312  			// https://golang.org/issue/10206
   313  			if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
   314  				// numOpenFDsAndroid handles errors itself and
   315  				// might skip or fail the test.
   316  				n, lsof := numOpenFDsAndroid(t)
   317  				return n, lsof, nil
   318  			}
   319  			lsof, err := exec.Command("lsof", "-b", "-n", "-p", strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid())).Output()
   320  			return bytes.Count(lsof, []byte("\n")), lsof, err
   321  		}
   322  
   323  		// lsof may see file descriptors associated with the fork itself,
   324  		// so we allow some extra margin if we have to use it.
   325  		// https://golang.org/issue/19243
   326  		tolerance = 5
   327  
   328  		// Retry reading the number of open file descriptors.
   329  		want, before, err = numOpenFDs()
   330  		if err != nil {
   331  			t.Log(err)
   332  			t.Skipf("skipping test; error finding or running lsof")
   333  		}
   334  	}
   335  
   336  	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
   337  		cmd := exec.Command("something-that-does-not-exist-binary")
   338  		cmd.StdoutPipe()
   339  		cmd.StderrPipe()
   340  		cmd.StdinPipe()
   341  		if err := cmd.Run(); err == nil {
   342  			t.Fatal("unexpected success")
   343  		}
   344  	}
   345  	got, after, err := numOpenFDs()
   346  	if err != nil {
   347  		// numOpenFDs has already succeeded once, it should work here.
   348  		t.Errorf("unexpected failure: %v", err)
   349  	}
   350  	if got-want > tolerance {
   351  		t.Errorf("number of open file descriptors changed: got %v, want %v", got, want)
   352  		if before != nil {
   353  			t.Errorf("before:\n%v\n", before)
   354  		}
   355  		if after != nil {
   356  			t.Errorf("after:\n%v\n", after)
   357  		}
   358  	}
   359  }
   360  
   361  func numOpenFDsAndroid(t *testing.T) (n int, lsof []byte) {
   362  	raw, err := exec.Command("lsof").Output()
   363  	if err != nil {
   364  		t.Skip("skipping test; error finding or running lsof")
   365  	}
   366  
   367  	// First find the PID column index by parsing the first line, and
   368  	// select lines containing pid in the column.
   369  	pid := []byte(strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid()))
   370  	pidCol := -1
   371  
   372  	s := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(raw))
   373  	for s.Scan() {
   374  		line := s.Bytes()
   375  		fields := bytes.Fields(line)
   376  		if pidCol < 0 {
   377  			for i, v := range fields {
   378  				if bytes.Equal(v, []byte("PID")) {
   379  					pidCol = i
   380  					break
   381  				}
   382  			}
   383  			lsof = append(lsof, line...)
   384  			continue
   385  		}
   386  		if bytes.Equal(fields[pidCol], pid) {
   387  			lsof = append(lsof, '\n')
   388  			lsof = append(lsof, line...)
   389  		}
   390  	}
   391  	if pidCol < 0 {
   392  		t.Fatal("error processing lsof output: unexpected header format")
   393  	}
   394  	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
   395  		t.Fatalf("error processing lsof output: %v", err)
   396  	}
   397  	return bytes.Count(lsof, []byte("\n")), lsof
   398  }
   399  
   400  var testedAlreadyLeaked = false
   401  
   402  // basefds returns the number of expected file descriptors
   403  // to be present in a process at start.
   404  // stdin, stdout, stderr, epoll/kqueue, maybe testlog
   405  func basefds() uintptr {
   406  	n := os.Stderr.Fd() + 1
   407  	for _, arg := range os.Args {
   408  		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-test.testlogfile=") {
   409  			n++
   410  		}
   411  	}
   412  	return n
   413  }
   414  
   415  func closeUnexpectedFds(t *testing.T, m string) {
   416  	for fd := basefds(); fd <= 101; fd++ {
   417  		if fd == poll.PollDescriptor() {
   418  			continue
   419  		}
   420  		err := os.NewFile(fd, "").Close()
   421  		if err == nil {
   422  			t.Logf("%s: Something already leaked - closed fd %d", m, fd)
   423  		}
   424  	}
   425  }
   426  
   427  func TestExtraFilesFDShuffle(t *testing.T) {
   428  	t.Skip("flaky test; see https://golang.org/issue/5780")
   429  	switch runtime.GOOS {
   430  	case "darwin":
   431  		// TODO(cnicolaou): https://golang.org/issue/2603
   432  		// leads to leaked file descriptors in this test when it's
   433  		// run from a builder.
   434  		closeUnexpectedFds(t, "TestExtraFilesFDShuffle")
   435  	case "netbsd":
   436  		// https://golang.org/issue/3955
   437  		closeUnexpectedFds(t, "TestExtraFilesFDShuffle")
   438  	case "windows":
   439  		t.Skip("no operating system support; skipping")
   440  	}
   441  
   442  	// syscall.StartProcess maps all the FDs passed to it in
   443  	// ProcAttr.Files (the concatenation of stdin,stdout,stderr and
   444  	// ExtraFiles) into consecutive FDs in the child, that is:
   445  	// Files{11, 12, 6, 7, 9, 3} should result in the file
   446  	// represented by FD 11 in the parent being made available as 0
   447  	// in the child, 12 as 1, etc.
   448  	//
   449  	// We want to test that FDs in the child do not get overwritten
   450  	// by one another as this shuffle occurs. The original implementation
   451  	// was buggy in that in some data dependent cases it would overwrite
   452  	// stderr in the child with one of the ExtraFile members.
   453  	// Testing for this case is difficult because it relies on using
   454  	// the same FD values as that case. In particular, an FD of 3
   455  	// must be at an index of 4 or higher in ProcAttr.Files and
   456  	// the FD of the write end of the Stderr pipe (as obtained by
   457  	// StderrPipe()) must be the same as the size of ProcAttr.Files;
   458  	// therefore we test that the read end of this pipe (which is what
   459  	// is returned to the parent by StderrPipe() being one less than
   460  	// the size of ProcAttr.Files, i.e. 3+len(cmd.ExtraFiles).
   461  	//
   462  	// Moving this test case around within the overall tests may
   463  	// affect the FDs obtained and hence the checks to catch these cases.
   464  	npipes := 2
   465  	c := helperCommand(t, "extraFilesAndPipes", strconv.Itoa(npipes+1))
   466  	rd, wr, _ := os.Pipe()
   467  	defer rd.Close()
   468  	if rd.Fd() != 3 {
   469  		t.Errorf("bad test value for test pipe: fd %d", rd.Fd())
   470  	}
   471  	stderr, _ := c.StderrPipe()
   472  	wr.WriteString("_LAST")
   473  	wr.Close()
   474  
   475  	pipes := make([]struct {
   476  		r, w *os.File
   477  	}, npipes)
   478  	data := []string{"a", "b"}
   479  
   480  	for i := 0; i < npipes; i++ {
   481  		r, w, err := os.Pipe()
   482  		if err != nil {
   483  			t.Fatalf("unexpected error creating pipe: %s", err)
   484  		}
   485  		pipes[i].r = r
   486  		pipes[i].w = w
   487  		w.WriteString(data[i])
   488  		c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, pipes[i].r)
   489  		defer func() {
   490  			r.Close()
   491  			w.Close()
   492  		}()
   493  	}
   494  	// Put fd 3 at the end.
   495  	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, rd)
   496  
   497  	stderrFd := int(stderr.(*os.File).Fd())
   498  	if stderrFd != ((len(c.ExtraFiles) + 3) - 1) {
   499  		t.Errorf("bad test value for stderr pipe")
   500  	}
   501  
   502  	expected := "child: " + strings.Join(data, "") + "_LAST"
   503  
   504  	err := c.Start()
   505  	if err != nil {
   506  		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
   507  	}
   508  	ch := make(chan string, 1)
   509  	go func(ch chan string) {
   510  		buf := make([]byte, 512)
   511  		n, err := stderr.Read(buf)
   512  		if err != nil {
   513  			t.Errorf("Read: %s", err)
   514  			ch <- err.Error()
   515  		} else {
   516  			ch <- string(buf[:n])
   517  		}
   518  		close(ch)
   519  	}(ch)
   520  	select {
   521  	case m := <-ch:
   522  		if m != expected {
   523  			t.Errorf("Read: '%s' not '%s'", m, expected)
   524  		}
   525  	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
   526  		t.Errorf("Read timedout")
   527  	}
   528  	c.Wait()
   529  }
   530  
   531  func TestExtraFiles(t *testing.T) {
   532  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
   533  
   534  	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
   535  		t.Skipf("skipping test on %q", runtime.GOOS)
   536  	}
   537  
   538  	// Ensure that file descriptors have not already been leaked into
   539  	// our environment.
   540  	if !testedAlreadyLeaked {
   541  		testedAlreadyLeaked = true
   542  		closeUnexpectedFds(t, "TestExtraFiles")
   543  	}
   544  
   545  	// Force network usage, to verify the epoll (or whatever) fd
   546  	// doesn't leak to the child,
   547  	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
   548  	if err != nil {
   549  		t.Fatal(err)
   550  	}
   551  	defer ln.Close()
   552  
   553  	// Make sure duplicated fds don't leak to the child.
   554  	f, err := ln.(*net.TCPListener).File()
   555  	if err != nil {
   556  		t.Fatal(err)
   557  	}
   558  	defer f.Close()
   559  	ln2, err := net.FileListener(f)
   560  	if err != nil {
   561  		t.Fatal(err)
   562  	}
   563  	defer ln2.Close()
   564  
   565  	// Force TLS root certs to be loaded (which might involve
   566  	// cgo), to make sure none of that potential C code leaks fds.
   567  	ts := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}))
   568  	// quiet expected TLS handshake error "remote error: bad certificate"
   569  	ts.Config.ErrorLog = log.New(ioutil.Discard, "", 0)
   570  	ts.StartTLS()
   571  	defer ts.Close()
   572  	_, err = http.Get(ts.URL)
   573  	if err == nil {
   574  		t.Errorf("success trying to fetch %s; want an error", ts.URL)
   575  	}
   576  
   577  	tf, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
   578  	if err != nil {
   579  		t.Fatalf("TempFile: %v", err)
   580  	}
   581  	defer os.Remove(tf.Name())
   582  	defer tf.Close()
   583  
   584  	const text = "Hello, fd 3!"
   585  	_, err = tf.Write([]byte(text))
   586  	if err != nil {
   587  		t.Fatalf("Write: %v", err)
   588  	}
   589  	_, err = tf.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
   590  	if err != nil {
   591  		t.Fatalf("Seek: %v", err)
   592  	}
   593  
   594  	c := helperCommand(t, "read3")
   595  	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
   596  	c.Stdout = &stdout
   597  	c.Stderr = &stderr
   598  	c.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{tf}
   599  	err = c.Run()
   600  	if err != nil {
   601  		t.Fatalf("Run: %v; stdout %q, stderr %q", err, stdout.Bytes(), stderr.Bytes())
   602  	}
   603  	if stdout.String() != text {
   604  		t.Errorf("got stdout %q, stderr %q; want %q on stdout", stdout.String(), stderr.String(), text)
   605  	}
   606  }
   607  
   608  func TestExtraFilesRace(t *testing.T) {
   609  	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
   610  		t.Skip("no operating system support; skipping")
   611  	}
   612  	listen := func() net.Listener {
   613  		ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
   614  		if err != nil {
   615  			t.Fatal(err)
   616  		}
   617  		return ln
   618  	}
   619  	listenerFile := func(ln net.Listener) *os.File {
   620  		f, err := ln.(*net.TCPListener).File()
   621  		if err != nil {
   622  			t.Fatal(err)
   623  		}
   624  		return f
   625  	}
   626  	runCommand := func(c *exec.Cmd, out chan<- string) {
   627  		bout, err := c.CombinedOutput()
   628  		if err != nil {
   629  			out <- "ERROR:" + err.Error()
   630  		} else {
   631  			out <- string(bout)
   632  		}
   633  	}
   634  
   635  	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
   636  		la := listen()
   637  		ca := helperCommand(t, "describefiles")
   638  		ca.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{listenerFile(la)}
   639  		lb := listen()
   640  		cb := helperCommand(t, "describefiles")
   641  		cb.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{listenerFile(lb)}
   642  		ares := make(chan string)
   643  		bres := make(chan string)
   644  		go runCommand(ca, ares)
   645  		go runCommand(cb, bres)
   646  		if got, want := <-ares, fmt.Sprintf("fd3: listener %s\n", la.Addr()); got != want {
   647  			t.Errorf("iteration %d, process A got:\n%s\nwant:\n%s\n", i, got, want)
   648  		}
   649  		if got, want := <-bres, fmt.Sprintf("fd3: listener %s\n", lb.Addr()); got != want {
   650  			t.Errorf("iteration %d, process B got:\n%s\nwant:\n%s\n", i, got, want)
   651  		}
   652  		la.Close()
   653  		lb.Close()
   654  		for _, f := range ca.ExtraFiles {
   655  			f.Close()
   656  		}
   657  		for _, f := range cb.ExtraFiles {
   658  			f.Close()
   659  		}
   660  
   661  	}
   662  }
   663  
   664  // TestHelperProcess isn't a real test. It's used as a helper process
   665  // for TestParameterRun.
   666  func TestHelperProcess(*testing.T) {
   667  	if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" {
   668  		return
   669  	}
   670  	defer os.Exit(0)
   671  
   672  	// Determine which command to use to display open files.
   673  	ofcmd := "lsof"
   674  	switch runtime.GOOS {
   675  	case "dragonfly", "freebsd", "netbsd", "openbsd":
   676  		ofcmd = "fstat"
   677  	case "plan9":
   678  		ofcmd = "/bin/cat"
   679  	}
   680  
   681  	args := os.Args
   682  	for len(args) > 0 {
   683  		if args[0] == "--" {
   684  			args = args[1:]
   685  			break
   686  		}
   687  		args = args[1:]
   688  	}
   689  	if len(args) == 0 {
   690  		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "No command\n")
   691  		os.Exit(2)
   692  	}
   693  
   694  	cmd, args := args[0], args[1:]
   695  	switch cmd {
   696  	case "echo":
   697  		iargs := []interface{}{}
   698  		for _, s := range args {
   699  			iargs = append(iargs, s)
   700  		}
   701  		fmt.Println(iargs...)
   702  	case "echoenv":
   703  		for _, s := range args {
   704  			fmt.Println(os.Getenv(s))
   705  		}
   706  		os.Exit(0)
   707  	case "cat":
   708  		if len(args) == 0 {
   709  			io.Copy(os.Stdout, os.Stdin)
   710  			return
   711  		}
   712  		exit := 0
   713  		for _, fn := range args {
   714  			f, err := os.Open(fn)
   715  			if err != nil {
   716  				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
   717  				exit = 2
   718  			} else {
   719  				defer f.Close()
   720  				io.Copy(os.Stdout, f)
   721  			}
   722  		}
   723  		os.Exit(exit)
   724  	case "pipetest":
   725  		bufr := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
   726  		for {
   727  			line, _, err := bufr.ReadLine()
   728  			if err == io.EOF {
   729  				break
   730  			} else if err != nil {
   731  				os.Exit(1)
   732  			}
   733  			if bytes.HasPrefix(line, []byte("O:")) {
   734  				os.Stdout.Write(line)
   735  				os.Stdout.Write([]byte{'\n'})
   736  			} else if bytes.HasPrefix(line, []byte("E:")) {
   737  				os.Stderr.Write(line)
   738  				os.Stderr.Write([]byte{'\n'})
   739  			} else {
   740  				os.Exit(1)
   741  			}
   742  		}
   743  	case "stdinClose":
   744  		b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
   745  		if err != nil {
   746  			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
   747  			os.Exit(1)
   748  		}
   749  		if s := string(b); s != stdinCloseTestString {
   750  			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: Read %q, want %q", s, stdinCloseTestString)
   751  			os.Exit(1)
   752  		}
   753  		os.Exit(0)
   754  	case "read3": // read fd 3
   755  		fd3 := os.NewFile(3, "fd3")
   756  		bs, err := ioutil.ReadAll(fd3)
   757  		if err != nil {
   758  			fmt.Printf("ReadAll from fd 3: %v", err)
   759  			os.Exit(1)
   760  		}
   761  		switch runtime.GOOS {
   762  		case "dragonfly":
   763  			// TODO(jsing): Determine why DragonFly is leaking
   764  			// file descriptors...
   765  		case "darwin":
   766  			// TODO(bradfitz): broken? Sometimes.
   767  			// https://golang.org/issue/2603
   768  			// Skip this additional part of the test for now.
   769  		case "netbsd":
   770  			// TODO(jsing): This currently fails on NetBSD due to
   771  			// the cloned file descriptors that result from opening
   772  			// /dev/urandom.
   773  			// https://golang.org/issue/3955
   774  		case "solaris":
   775  			// TODO(aram): This fails on Solaris because libc opens
   776  			// its own files, as it sees fit. Darwin does the same,
   777  			// see: https://golang.org/issue/2603
   778  		default:
   779  			// Now verify that there are no other open fds.
   780  			var files []*os.File
   781  			for wantfd := basefds() + 1; wantfd <= 100; wantfd++ {
   782  				if wantfd == poll.PollDescriptor() {
   783  					continue
   784  				}
   785  				f, err := os.Open(os.Args[0])
   786  				if err != nil {
   787  					fmt.Printf("error opening file with expected fd %d: %v", wantfd, err)
   788  					os.Exit(1)
   789  				}
   790  				if got := f.Fd(); got != wantfd {
   791  					fmt.Printf("leaked parent file. fd = %d; want %d\n", got, wantfd)
   792  					var args []string
   793  					switch runtime.GOOS {
   794  					case "plan9":
   795  						args = []string{fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%d/fd", os.Getpid())}
   796  					default:
   797  						args = []string{"-p", fmt.Sprint(os.Getpid())}
   798  					}
   799  					out, _ := exec.Command(ofcmd, args...).CombinedOutput()
   800  					fmt.Print(string(out))
   801  					os.Exit(1)
   802  				}
   803  				files = append(files, f)
   804  			}
   805  			for _, f := range files {
   806  				f.Close()
   807  			}
   808  		}
   809  		// Referring to fd3 here ensures that it is not
   810  		// garbage collected, and therefore closed, while
   811  		// executing the wantfd loop above. It doesn't matter
   812  		// what we do with fd3 as long as we refer to it;
   813  		// closing it is the easy choice.
   814  		fd3.Close()
   815  		os.Stdout.Write(bs)
   816  	case "exit":
   817  		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(args[0])
   818  		os.Exit(n)
   819  	case "describefiles":
   820  		f := os.NewFile(3, fmt.Sprintf("fd3"))
   821  		ln, err := net.FileListener(f)
   822  		if err == nil {
   823  			fmt.Printf("fd3: listener %s\n", ln.Addr())
   824  			ln.Close()
   825  		}
   826  		os.Exit(0)
   827  	case "extraFilesAndPipes":
   828  		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(args[0])
   829  		pipes := make([]*os.File, n)
   830  		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
   831  			pipes[i] = os.NewFile(uintptr(3+i), strconv.Itoa(i))
   832  		}
   833  		response := ""
   834  		for i, r := range pipes {
   835  			ch := make(chan string, 1)
   836  			go func(c chan string) {
   837  				buf := make([]byte, 10)
   838  				n, err := r.Read(buf)
   839  				if err != nil {
   840  					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Child: read error: %v on pipe %d\n", err, i)
   841  					os.Exit(1)
   842  				}
   843  				c <- string(buf[:n])
   844  				close(c)
   845  			}(ch)
   846  			select {
   847  			case m := <-ch:
   848  				response = response + m
   849  			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
   850  				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Child: Timeout reading from pipe: %d\n", i)
   851  				os.Exit(1)
   852  			}
   853  		}
   854  		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "child: %s", response)
   855  		os.Exit(0)
   856  	case "exec":
   857  		cmd := exec.Command(args[1])
   858  		cmd.Dir = args[0]
   859  		output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
   860  		if err != nil {
   861  			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Child: %s %s", err, string(output))
   862  			os.Exit(1)
   863  		}
   864  		fmt.Printf("%s", string(output))
   865  		os.Exit(0)
   866  	case "lookpath":
   867  		p, err := exec.LookPath(args[0])
   868  		if err != nil {
   869  			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "LookPath failed: %v\n", err)
   870  			os.Exit(1)
   871  		}
   872  		fmt.Print(p)
   873  		os.Exit(0)
   874  	case "stderrfail":
   875  		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "some stderr text\n")
   876  		os.Exit(1)
   877  	case "sleep":
   878  		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
   879  		os.Exit(0)
   880  	default:
   881  		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Unknown command %q\n", cmd)
   882  		os.Exit(2)
   883  	}
   884  }
   885  
   886  type delayedInfiniteReader struct{}
   887  
   888  func (delayedInfiniteReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
   889  	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
   890  	for i := range b {
   891  		b[i] = 'x'
   892  	}
   893  	return len(b), nil
   894  }
   895  
   896  // Issue 9173: ignore stdin pipe writes if the program completes successfully.
   897  func TestIgnorePipeErrorOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
   898  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
   899  
   900  	// We really only care about testing this on Unixy and Windowsy things.
   901  	if runtime.GOOS == "plan9" {
   902  		t.Skipf("skipping test on %q", runtime.GOOS)
   903  	}
   904  
   905  	testWith := func(r io.Reader) func(*testing.T) {
   906  		return func(t *testing.T) {
   907  			cmd := helperCommand(t, "echo", "foo")
   908  			var out bytes.Buffer
   909  			cmd.Stdin = r
   910  			cmd.Stdout = &out
   911  			if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
   912  				t.Fatal(err)
   913  			}
   914  			if got, want := out.String(), "foo\n"; got != want {
   915  				t.Errorf("output = %q; want %q", got, want)
   916  			}
   917  		}
   918  	}
   919  	t.Run("10MB", testWith(strings.NewReader(strings.Repeat("x", 10<<20))))
   920  	t.Run("Infinite", testWith(delayedInfiniteReader{}))
   921  }
   922  
   923  type badWriter struct{}
   924  
   925  func (w *badWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
   926  	return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
   927  }
   928  
   929  func TestClosePipeOnCopyError(t *testing.T) {
   930  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
   931  
   932  	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "plan9" {
   933  		t.Skipf("skipping test on %s - no yes command", runtime.GOOS)
   934  	}
   935  	cmd := exec.Command("yes")
   936  	cmd.Stdout = new(badWriter)
   937  	c := make(chan int, 1)
   938  	go func() {
   939  		err := cmd.Run()
   940  		if err == nil {
   941  			t.Errorf("yes completed successfully")
   942  		}
   943  		c <- 1
   944  	}()
   945  	select {
   946  	case <-c:
   947  		// ok
   948  	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
   949  		t.Fatalf("yes got stuck writing to bad writer")
   950  	}
   951  }
   952  
   953  func TestOutputStderrCapture(t *testing.T) {
   954  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
   955  
   956  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "stderrfail")
   957  	_, err := cmd.Output()
   958  	ee, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError)
   959  	if !ok {
   960  		t.Fatalf("Output error type = %T; want ExitError", err)
   961  	}
   962  	got := string(ee.Stderr)
   963  	want := "some stderr text\n"
   964  	if got != want {
   965  		t.Errorf("ExitError.Stderr = %q; want %q", got, want)
   966  	}
   967  }
   968  
   969  func TestContext(t *testing.T) {
   970  	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
   971  	c := helperCommandContext(t, ctx, "pipetest")
   972  	stdin, err := c.StdinPipe()
   973  	if err != nil {
   974  		t.Fatal(err)
   975  	}
   976  	stdout, err := c.StdoutPipe()
   977  	if err != nil {
   978  		t.Fatal(err)
   979  	}
   980  	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
   981  		t.Fatal(err)
   982  	}
   983  
   984  	if _, err := stdin.Write([]byte("O:hi\n")); err != nil {
   985  		t.Fatal(err)
   986  	}
   987  	buf := make([]byte, 5)
   988  	n, err := io.ReadFull(stdout, buf)
   989  	if n != len(buf) || err != nil || string(buf) != "O:hi\n" {
   990  		t.Fatalf("ReadFull = %d, %v, %q", n, err, buf[:n])
   991  	}
   992  	waitErr := make(chan error, 1)
   993  	go func() {
   994  		waitErr <- c.Wait()
   995  	}()
   996  	cancel()
   997  	select {
   998  	case err := <-waitErr:
   999  		if err == nil {
  1000  			t.Fatal("expected Wait failure")
  1001  		}
  1002  	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
  1003  		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for child process death")
  1004  	}
  1005  }
  1006  
  1007  func TestContextCancel(t *testing.T) {
  1008  	if testenv.Builder() == "windows-386-xp" {
  1009  		t.Skipf("known to fail on Windows XP. Issue 17245")
  1010  	}
  1011  	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
  1012  	defer cancel()
  1013  	c := helperCommandContext(t, ctx, "cat")
  1014  
  1015  	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
  1016  	if err != nil {
  1017  		t.Fatal(err)
  1018  	}
  1019  	c.Stdin = r
  1020  
  1021  	stdout, err := c.StdoutPipe()
  1022  	if err != nil {
  1023  		t.Fatal(err)
  1024  	}
  1025  	readDone := make(chan struct{})
  1026  	go func() {
  1027  		defer close(readDone)
  1028  		var a [1024]byte
  1029  		for {
  1030  			n, err := stdout.Read(a[:])
  1031  			if err != nil {
  1032  				if err != io.EOF {
  1033  					t.Errorf("unexpected read error: %v", err)
  1034  				}
  1035  				return
  1036  			}
  1037  			t.Logf("%s", a[:n])
  1038  		}
  1039  	}()
  1040  
  1041  	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
  1042  		t.Fatal(err)
  1043  	}
  1044  
  1045  	if err := r.Close(); err != nil {
  1046  		t.Fatal(err)
  1047  	}
  1048  
  1049  	if _, err := io.WriteString(w, "echo"); err != nil {
  1050  		t.Fatal(err)
  1051  	}
  1052  
  1053  	cancel()
  1054  
  1055  	// Calling cancel should have killed the process, so writes
  1056  	// should now fail.  Give the process a little while to die.
  1057  	start := time.Now()
  1058  	for {
  1059  		if _, err := io.WriteString(w, "echo"); err != nil {
  1060  			break
  1061  		}
  1062  		if time.Since(start) > time.Second {
  1063  			t.Fatal("canceling context did not stop program")
  1064  		}
  1065  		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
  1066  	}
  1067  
  1068  	if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
  1069  		t.Errorf("error closing write end of pipe: %v", err)
  1070  	}
  1071  	<-readDone
  1072  
  1073  	if err := c.Wait(); err == nil {
  1074  		t.Error("program unexpectedly exited successfully")
  1075  	} else {
  1076  		t.Logf("exit status: %v", err)
  1077  	}
  1078  }
  1079  
  1080  // test that environment variables are de-duped.
  1081  func TestDedupEnvEcho(t *testing.T) {
  1082  	testenv.MustHaveExec(t)
  1083  
  1084  	cmd := helperCommand(t, "echoenv", "FOO")
  1085  	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "FOO=bad", "FOO=good")
  1086  	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
  1087  	if err != nil {
  1088  		t.Fatal(err)
  1089  	}
  1090  	if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "good"; got != want {
  1091  		t.Errorf("output = %q; want %q", got, want)
  1092  	}
  1093  }
  1094  

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