Source file src/html/template/content.go

     1  // Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  package template
     6  
     7  import (
     8  	"fmt"
     9  	"reflect"
    10  )
    11  
    12  // Strings of content from a trusted source.
    13  type (
    14  	// CSS encapsulates known safe content that matches any of:
    15  	//   1. The CSS3 stylesheet production, such as `p { color: purple }`.
    16  	//   2. The CSS3 rule production, such as `a[href=~"https:"].foo#bar`.
    17  	//   3. CSS3 declaration productions, such as `color: red; margin: 2px`.
    18  	//   4. The CSS3 value production, such as `rgba(0, 0, 255, 127)`.
    19  	// See https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/#parsing and
    20  	// https://web.archive.org/web/20090211114933/http://w3.org/TR/css3-syntax#style
    21  	//
    22  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    23  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    24  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    25  	CSS string
    26  
    27  	// HTML encapsulates a known safe HTML document fragment.
    28  	// It should not be used for HTML from a third-party, or HTML with
    29  	// unclosed tags or comments. The outputs of a sound HTML sanitizer
    30  	// and a template escaped by this package are fine for use with HTML.
    31  	//
    32  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    33  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    34  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    35  	HTML string
    36  
    37  	// HTMLAttr encapsulates an HTML attribute from a trusted source,
    38  	// for example, ` dir="ltr"`.
    39  	//
    40  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    41  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    42  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    43  	HTMLAttr string
    44  
    45  	// JS encapsulates a known safe EcmaScript5 Expression, for example,
    46  	// `(x + y * z())`.
    47  	// Template authors are responsible for ensuring that typed expressions
    48  	// do not break the intended precedence and that there is no
    49  	// statement/expression ambiguity as when passing an expression like
    50  	// "{ foo: bar() }\n['foo']()", which is both a valid Expression and a
    51  	// valid Program with a very different meaning.
    52  	//
    53  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    54  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    55  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    56  	//
    57  	// Using JS to include valid but untrusted JSON is not safe.
    58  	// A safe alternative is to parse the JSON with json.Unmarshal and then
    59  	// pass the resultant object into the template, where it will be
    60  	// converted to sanitized JSON when presented in a JavaScript context.
    61  	JS string
    62  
    63  	// JSStr encapsulates a sequence of characters meant to be embedded
    64  	// between quotes in a JavaScript expression.
    65  	// The string must match a series of StringCharacters:
    66  	//   StringCharacter :: SourceCharacter but not `\` or LineTerminator
    67  	//                    | EscapeSequence
    68  	// Note that LineContinuations are not allowed.
    69  	// JSStr("foo\\nbar") is fine, but JSStr("foo\\\nbar") is not.
    70  	//
    71  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    72  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    73  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    74  	JSStr string
    75  
    76  	// URL encapsulates a known safe URL or URL substring (see RFC 3986).
    77  	// A URL like `javascript:checkThatFormNotEditedBeforeLeavingPage()`
    78  	// from a trusted source should go in the page, but by default dynamic
    79  	// `javascript:` URLs are filtered out since they are a frequently
    80  	// exploited injection vector.
    81  	//
    82  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    83  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    84  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    85  	URL string
    86  
    87  	// Srcset encapsulates a known safe srcset attribute
    88  	// (see https://w3c.github.io/html/semantics-embedded-content.html#element-attrdef-img-srcset).
    89  	//
    90  	// Use of this type presents a security risk:
    91  	// the encapsulated content should come from a trusted source,
    92  	// as it will be included verbatim in the template output.
    93  	Srcset string
    94  )
    95  
    96  type contentType uint8
    97  
    98  const (
    99  	contentTypePlain contentType = iota
   100  	contentTypeCSS
   101  	contentTypeHTML
   102  	contentTypeHTMLAttr
   103  	contentTypeJS
   104  	contentTypeJSStr
   105  	contentTypeURL
   106  	contentTypeSrcset
   107  	// contentTypeUnsafe is used in attr.go for values that affect how
   108  	// embedded content and network messages are formed, vetted,
   109  	// or interpreted; or which credentials network messages carry.
   110  	contentTypeUnsafe
   111  )
   112  
   113  // indirect returns the value, after dereferencing as many times
   114  // as necessary to reach the base type (or nil).
   115  func indirect(a any) any {
   116  	if a == nil {
   117  		return nil
   118  	}
   119  	if t := reflect.TypeOf(a); t.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
   120  		// Avoid creating a reflect.Value if it's not a pointer.
   121  		return a
   122  	}
   123  	v := reflect.ValueOf(a)
   124  	for v.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && !v.IsNil() {
   125  		v = v.Elem()
   126  	}
   127  	return v.Interface()
   128  }
   129  
   130  var (
   131  	errorType       = reflect.TypeFor[error]()
   132  	fmtStringerType = reflect.TypeFor[fmt.Stringer]()
   133  )
   134  
   135  // indirectToStringerOrError returns the value, after dereferencing as many times
   136  // as necessary to reach the base type (or nil) or an implementation of fmt.Stringer
   137  // or error.
   138  func indirectToStringerOrError(a any) any {
   139  	if a == nil {
   140  		return nil
   141  	}
   142  	v := reflect.ValueOf(a)
   143  	for !v.Type().Implements(fmtStringerType) && !v.Type().Implements(errorType) && v.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && !v.IsNil() {
   144  		v = v.Elem()
   145  	}
   146  	return v.Interface()
   147  }
   148  
   149  // stringify converts its arguments to a string and the type of the content.
   150  // All pointers are dereferenced, as in the text/template package.
   151  func stringify(args ...any) (string, contentType) {
   152  	if len(args) == 1 {
   153  		switch s := indirect(args[0]).(type) {
   154  		case string:
   155  			return s, contentTypePlain
   156  		case CSS:
   157  			return string(s), contentTypeCSS
   158  		case HTML:
   159  			return string(s), contentTypeHTML
   160  		case HTMLAttr:
   161  			return string(s), contentTypeHTMLAttr
   162  		case JS:
   163  			return string(s), contentTypeJS
   164  		case JSStr:
   165  			return string(s), contentTypeJSStr
   166  		case URL:
   167  			return string(s), contentTypeURL
   168  		case Srcset:
   169  			return string(s), contentTypeSrcset
   170  		}
   171  	}
   172  	i := 0
   173  	for _, arg := range args {
   174  		// We skip untyped nil arguments for backward compatibility.
   175  		// Without this they would be output as <nil>, escaped.
   176  		// See issue 25875.
   177  		if arg == nil {
   178  			continue
   179  		}
   180  
   181  		args[i] = indirectToStringerOrError(arg)
   182  		i++
   183  	}
   184  	return fmt.Sprint(args[:i]...), contentTypePlain
   185  }
   186  

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