x/build/env/darwin-arm64: run buildlets in a per-build VM #48945

toothrot · 2021-10-13T16:43:26Z

Currently, the darwin-arm64 buildlets do not run in a clean VM for each test run. Now that QEMU has progressed a bit, we should try running them in a VM again.

toothrot · 2021-12-03T22:10:21Z

The state of support for virtualization of darwin/arm64 is poor. There is no solution in the near future for hosting a Mac VM on ARM64 in our current environment (VMWare on MacStadium) or in our qemu-hvm environments. This is due to a number of issues, not limited to the fact that darwin/arm64 uses an iOS like boot-process instead of a typical PC boot process.

However, the AWS buildlets may work well for us. The workflow of creating a macOS instance on AWS is roughly:

purchase 24-hr leases of "Dedicated Hosts", marked as auto-assignable
Create mac1.metal VMs that get auto-assigned to the host pool

This comes with some caveats. After an instance is stopped, the Dedicated Host is apparently re-imaged by AWS (in a "Pending" state for about an hour). This means, an instance per-buildlet is prohibitively expensive at our volume, as a downtime of an hour between builds would necessitate a very large pool of Dedicated Hosts for our hundreds of darwin builds per day that we do.

We could avoid some of the re-image downtime issue by re-using instances between builds. This has a bit of an issue with keeping environments pristine, but we may be able to automate some of that away with APFS filesystem snapshots, and retiring the instances on some interval.

Finally, for releaselets, we could ensure that we always use a fresh VM that hasn't been tainted by previous builds running on it.

This is less featureful than our always-fresh image approach that we have on MacStadium / VMWare, but it would allow for a somewhat-clean environment for our darwin/ARM64 builders without too much overhead.

Finally, this approach could be re-used for all of our mac builders. This would have a massive benefit of reducing the effort needed to build and maintain new macOS images for each release, which has now doubled with two processor architectures. Our existing approach for AWS AMIs using Packer should work nicely in this scenario.

toothrot · 2021-12-03T22:26:07Z

Documentation on automatic Dedicated Host provisioning and Releasing: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/license-manager/latest/userguide/host-resource-groups.html

prattmic · 2022-09-13T19:57:20Z

I'm starting prototyping with this testing out AWS Mac instances, first by creating some standard reverse builders.

prattmic · 2022-09-14T18:25:14Z

https://go.dev/cl/430696 added an AWS darwin-amd64 reverse builder (darwin-amd64-12-aws), which I've set up manually with a launchd service.

It actually almost "just works". All of the x/ repos seem to be passing. The main Go repo fails on a specific test, os/signal.TestDetectNohup and TestNohup: https://build.golang.org/log/bee053b56d2f0d612725e4427f5640cdad5cad34

This failure is oddly specific: the system /usr/bin/nohup binary is unhappy. We've had this issue before in #5135 inside of tmux. This is also a common problem online, though frustratingly I have yet to find a concrete description of the problem, just workarounds.

One mention is that sshd must have PAM enabled. The AWS sshd config does indeed disable PAM, so that may be related. (Though my launchd service isn't run through ssh, so it isn't clear how that is related).

I'm going to investigate running QEMU on these instances, so I'll pause investigation into os/signal for now, since it may just not be an issue in QEMU guests.

gopherbot · 2022-09-20T18:43:33Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432115 mentions this issue: cmd/buildet: allow halt of macOS QEMU VMs

Upcoming QEMU-based builders can shutdown in the same manner as macstadium VMs. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I56cf8389c542b6a52773d333ed48a585b0b9c64b Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432115 Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

gopherbot · 2022-09-21T15:19:37Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432396 mentions this issue: dashboard: increase hast-darwin-amd64-12-aws count

gopherbot · 2022-09-21T15:19:38Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432395 mentions this issue: env/darwin: AWS darwin instances

prattmic · 2022-09-21T20:13:58Z

We now have three hosts running six reverse builder VMs fully set up and (almost) ready.

There is one failing test (https://build.golang.org/log/c40b5c45d0dc28318fd9ad0149efddfe39ff27d7) because an extra deprecation warning printed by bash.

Once the builds are working next steps (short and long term) will be:

Create instances for older amd64 macOS releases.
Create instances for arm64 macOS releases (if desired).
Investigating putting instances behind NAT. Currently they have public IPs, but all inbound connections blocked.
Investigate smarter scheduling like makemac. Right now we just create guests in a loop with a fixed guest OS version.

This adds instructions and scripts for running darwin builders inside QEMU on AWS Mac instances. Only darwin-amd64-12 is tested thus far. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I453c269c80f5b9af0f8059f3ea59ee517654baa8 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432395 Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>

gopherbot · 2022-09-22T17:19:24Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432857 mentions this issue: dashboard: add all AWS darwin-amd64 builders

gopherbot · 2022-09-22T17:19:25Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432856 mentions this issue: env/darwin/aws: don't quote extra args

We do not want to quote $EXTRA_ARGS, as we explicitly want them split into multiple arguments to qemu. This fixes start-installer.sh. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I6659f74120be534e9d909bcff85151011f8addd2 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432856 Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

All of the existing darwin-amd64 builders get AWS equivalents. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I076c19a47b6cc1fa1fb1be25219e6616497e1dc9 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432857 Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org>

gopherbot · 2022-09-23T21:28:48Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432860 mentions this issue: env/darwin/aws: update docs

gopherbot · 2022-09-23T21:28:48Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/432859 mentions this issue: dashboard: make darwin-amd64-aws race builder actually run race

race builders must have a name ending in -race. Switch the name to match that rule. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I69caf2e4d2e059a666d14dfe325a275e467488de Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432859 Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>

Different networking flag is needed for older macOS. Plus the disk numbering seems to change arbitrarily, so don't promise my examples are accurate. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I0e576e0c6c9e80969462a353c2e0326246ff4280 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432860 Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

gopherbot · 2022-10-11T16:58:59Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/442255 mentions this issue: env/darwin/aws: switch to vmnet-shared networking

This networking mode, which uses a virtualization networking API from Apple, appears to be more stable than the default userspace networking. Multiple guests will share the same subnet, so they must have different MAC addresses. Apple's API seems to run an DNS server that serves compressed SRV records, which Go does not support (golang/go#36718) and thus causes a net test to fail. Until that is resolved, we must manually specify a custom DNS server. For golang/go#48945. Updates golang/go#36718. Change-Id: Ibc5b91ed1456d1364975febe83fd282c42bd6ed1 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/442255 TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>

gopherbot · 2022-11-07T18:21:59Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/448435 mentions this issue: dashboard: add darwin 13 (Ventura) amd64 builders on AWS

For golang/go#48945. For golang/go#55355. Change-Id: Ic8f346995024c69a3a8f2b91681e4ff90280f2c6 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/448435 Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

gopherbot · 2022-11-11T19:45:45Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/449877 mentions this issue: cmd/runqemubuildlet: add darwin support

gopherbot · 2022-11-11T19:45:46Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/449876 mentions this issue: cmd/runqemubuildlet: select windows support with a flag

gopherbot · 2022-11-11T19:45:47Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/449875 mentions this issue: env/darwin/aws: assign static IPs to each guest

gopherbot · 2022-11-29T18:46:56Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/453956 mentions this issue: dashboard,internal/releasetargets: run AMD64 Macs AWS, build 1.20 with 13

…h 13 The AWS builders have been up and running reliably for a while now. Switch over. Unfortunately the macOS 13 builder had -aws in its name, so we're creating a new builder and will need a backfill. So it goes. While I'm here, build 1.20 with 13 now that we have it. For golang/go#48945, golang/go#40561. Change-Id: Idaac9cfea6fe3f5e190432ecb512a453812618c7 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/453956 Run-TryBot: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org> Auto-Submit: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>

Currently, DHCP assigns a dynamic IP to each guest. This means that the parent program doesn't know the IP of the guest in order to do health checks. Add a static IP assignment based on the guest MAC address. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: Icafa4aa5a0b87ab815c882bc8215d5932d1377c0 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/449875 TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>

Subsequent CLs will add support for running darwin guests. To support differences between the guests, move windows support to a new file and selected by -guest-os=windows. This CL has no functional change. Windows remains the default for compatibility with existing scripts. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: Iec2827b216f7c6b72c53a61b125d132beb44a779 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/449876 Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

This is used to replace env/darwin/aws/start-snapshot.sh on CI instances. Run like so: Buildlet 1: $ ./runqemubuildlet -guest-os=darwin -macos-version=12 -osk=<OSK VAL> -guest-index=1 -buildlet-healthz-url="http://192.168.64.101:8080/healthz" Buildlet 2: $ ./runqemubuildlet -guest-os=darwin -macos-version=12 -osk=<OSK VAL> -guest-index=2 -buildlet-healthz-url="http://192.168.64.102:8080/healthz" For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: Ic0010bcd0062c7b77d09bf2addb1297e7d116474 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/449877 Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>

gopherbot · 2022-12-07T20:58:14Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/456055 mentions this issue: cmd/runqemubuildlet: use sudo kill to signal on darwin

gopherbot · 2022-12-08T19:06:42Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/456042 mentions this issue: cmd/runqemubuildlet: run as root on darwin

QEMU needs to run as root on darwin for working networking. Currently we run runqemubuildlet as a normal user, and invoke QEMU with `sudo`. Unfortunately, this means that runqemubuildlet doesn't have permission to signal QEMU when the health check fails. Instead, run runqemubuildlet as root so it has permission to signal QEMU. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I07bd61168462c7272db05c328eb11dcd39743f79 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/456042 Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>

The current macstadium count is 5, but it is tricky to support an odd number with our current setup on AWS (2 VMs per host), so use 6 instead. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: Id00ccfcde3033722715a0299cf4f40acf1665c36 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/432396 Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Auto-Submit: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Jenny Rakoczy <jenny@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>

prattmic · 2023-01-11T14:39:06Z

Currently our AWS darwin-amd64 builder guests take ~4 minutes to boot. This is much slower than guests on MacStadium (I'm told those were closer to 10s). 4 minute boot time is a significant drag on capacity. Subrepo tests are often much shorter than that, meaning we spend more time booting than we do running tests.

I dug into this a bit yesterday:

Disk performance does not seem to be a bottleneck. Moving the disk image from the root EBS volume we currently use to the internal Mac SSD had no impact.
QEMU's hvf (i.e., macOS) backend seems to have scalability problems w.r.t. number of guest CPUs. Boot times with different CPU counts (we currently use 6):
- 1 CPU -> ~1m30s
- 2 CPU -> ~1m15s
- 4 CPU -> ~1m40s
- 6 CPU -> ~4m
- 8 CPU -> ~6m

A profile shows ~15% of all cycles spent in hvf_vcpu_exec ->
qemu_mutex_lock_iothread / qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread, which sounds like lock contention to me. Indeed, this lock is pretty much held unconditionally for the duration
of all VM exits:
https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/blob/master/target/i386/hvf/hvf.c#L453. OTOH, the KVM backend avoids taking this lock for many (but not all) VM exit reasons.

I sent a mail to qemu-discuss@nongnu.org about this, but I'm not sure it went through, as it doesn't appear on the mailing list archive.

Anyways, a quick improvement will be to switch to 4 CPUs, which hopefully is still enough to avoid test timeouts.

prattmic · 2023-01-11T22:14:43Z

I added tracing to QEMU, and these are the VM exit reason counts during boot:

25338097  hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 48 (EPT violation)
1465860   hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 7  (Interrupt window)
955636    hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 1  (External interrupt)
532542    hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 12 (HLT instruction)
80699     hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 30 (IO instruction)
3485      hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 10 (CPUID)
1597      hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 31 (RDMSR)
117       hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 28 (CR access)
69        hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 32 (WRMSR)
7         hvf_vcpu_exit: exit reason 55 (XSETBV)

The only one here that surprises me is HLT exits. It looks like XNU may use this to enter an idle state when a more complex power management subsystem is not (yet?) available: https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu/blob/2ff845c2e033bd0ff64b5b6aa6063a1f8f65aa32/osfmk/i386/pmCPU.c#L176

gopherbot · 2023-01-12T15:17:51Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/461775 mentions this issue: env/darwin/aws: reduce guest CPU count to 4

QEMU scales poorly with CPU count on macOS (see https://go.dev/issue/48945#issuecomment-1378850381). Reducing the CPU count from 6 to 4 reduces boot time from ~4min to ~1min40sec. For golang/go#48945. Change-Id: I63fa70938049534b8f87d30935179d99a2e8f2f6 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/461775 Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Carlos Amedee <carlos@golang.org> Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

prattmic · 2023-01-12T17:05:17Z

For reference, buildlet wait times (get_buildlet, seconds):

Before AWS switch (2022-10-15 through 2022-11-29):

Builder	p10	p50	p90	p99
darwin-amd64-10_14	0.035087506	57.426122709	5409.986448872	27029.738440022
darwin-amd64-10_15	0.035315248	51.394408839	6330.141066737	33205.196756675
darwin-amd64-11_0	0.03502191	17.052950941	1265.639361792	18768.733989156
darwin-amd64-12_0	0.036329005	113.757215006	27884.264082743	60902.939780661
darwin-amd64-nocgo	0.036361308	152.538390709	33514.425559542	60922.292660581

After AWS switch (2022-11-30 through 2023-01-12):

Builder	p10	p50	p90	p99
darwin-amd64-10_14	0.030347397	129.170084819	16868.565147715	51138.059929517
darwin-amd64-10_15	0.032052233	165.560549426	21411.865571222	53629.770950752
darwin-amd64-11_0	0.03205239	221.267568342	26238.450715285	64911.760616257
darwin-amd64-12_0	0.03138795	175.994555331	25429.052805333	67438.227785737
darwin-amd64-13	0.038021979	4120.744229468	370565.129423636	429429.994737281
darwin-amd64-nocgo	0.031963242	294.516531008	36972.023496533	66837.479161523

Time running tests (make_and_test, seconds):

Before:

Builder	p10	p50	p90	p99
darwin-amd64-10_14	1109.337714283	1338.203048197	1438.635656949	1496.908947744
darwin-amd64-10_15	1142.797376231	1345.846128948	1442.504664356	1515.9424281
darwin-amd64-11_0	1321.768913047	1532.862195206	1646.776306831	1738.837314762
darwin-amd64-12_0	1224.030957425	1502.473005047	1706.57681256	1789.397041412
darwin-amd64-nocgo	832.869971342	1125.187291301	1314.866512538	1381.113436051

After:

Builder	p10	p50	p90	p99
darwin-amd64-10_14	1026.817217975	1941.302826298	2523.380160588	2841.733411426
darwin-amd64-10_15	1050.692744331	1811.730996635	2426.353868054	2724.949244972
darwin-amd64-11_0	2188.55871373	2517.004398094	2960.169886024	3044.606037487
darwin-amd64-12_0	1949.949176643	2486.049366062	2748.16159951	2832.066993053
darwin-amd64-13	2200.732157566	2933.495288619	3134.77419223	3351.202110408
darwin-amd64-nocgo	1463.312098452	1966.804602269	2125.788129161	2187.764026593

Edit: these are for the Go repo only, not subrepos.

cagedmantis · 2023-02-15T21:05:45Z

Should we close this issue and mark it as completed? Any additional problems we find can be addressed in more specific issues if necessary.

heschi · 2023-02-28T19:45:51Z

Closing this since it doesn't seem like there's anything in particular left.

gopherbot · 2023-04-14T20:43:41Z

Change https://go.dev/cl/484746 mentions this issue: Revert "env/darwin/aws: reduce guest CPU count to 4"

This reverts CL 461775. That CL failed to update cmd/runqemubuildlet, which is used for production VM execution. Thus it had no impact. The next CL will change memory, so just revert this for now rather than fixing to avoid changing two things at once. For golang/go#48945. For golang/go#59634. Change-Id: I9f1e26f2b3ffd6caca9683242a44597b7f1d8d58 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/build/+/484746 Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com> Commit-Queue: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>

toothrot added the NeedsFix The path to resolution is known, but the work has not been done. label Oct 13, 2021

toothrot self-assigned this Oct 13, 2021

toothrot added this to In Progress in Go Release Team Oct 13, 2021

gopherbot added the Builders x/build issues (builders, bots, dashboards) label Oct 13, 2021

gopherbot added this to the Unreleased milestone Oct 13, 2021

toothrot moved this from In Progress to Planned in Go Release Team Mar 15, 2022

prattmic self-assigned this Sep 13, 2022

dmitshur moved this from Planned to In Progress in Go Release Team Sep 14, 2022

heschi closed this as completed Feb 28, 2023

prattmic mentioned this issue Nov 1, 2023

x/build,os/signal: TestDetectNohup and TestNohup fail on replacement darwin LUCI builders #63875

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x/build/env/darwin-arm64: run buildlets in a per-build VM #48945

x/build/env/darwin-arm64: run buildlets in a per-build VM #48945

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x/build/env/darwin-arm64: run buildlets in a per-build VM #48945

x/build/env/darwin-arm64: run buildlets in a per-build VM #48945

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