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x/mobile: Go running much slower than CPP on ARM32 / ARM64 #42798

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leondgarse opened this issue Nov 24, 2020 · 14 comments
Closed

x/mobile: Go running much slower than CPP on ARM32 / ARM64 #42798

leondgarse opened this issue Nov 24, 2020 · 14 comments
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FrozenDueToAge mobile Android, iOS, and x/mobile NeedsInvestigation Someone must examine and confirm this is a valid issue and not a duplicate of an existing one. Performance
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@leondgarse
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leondgarse commented Nov 24, 2020

What version of Go are you using (go version)?

$ go version
go version go1.15.5 linux/amd64

Does this issue reproduce with the latest release?

Yes

What operating system and processor architecture are you using (go env)?

go env Output
$ go env
GO111MODULE=""
GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/home/leondgarse/.cache/go-build"
GOENV="/home/leondgarse/.config/go/env"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOINSECURE=""
GOMODCACHE="/home/leondgarse/go/pkg/mod"
GONOPROXY=""
GONOSUMDB=""
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/home/leondgarse/go"
GOPRIVATE=""
GOPROXY="https://proxy.golang.org,direct"
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
GOSUMDB="sum.golang.org"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
AR="ar"
CC="gcc"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD=""
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build417888568=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches"

What did you do?

I met this issue in multiple functions, like image resize / image warpaffine and many others, that Go runs much slower than CPP code on ARM32 / ARM64. Here I wrote two test functions in cpp and go to reproduce.

  • Edition 1 Separate L2Norm into two functions squareSum and multiplyWithNum.
  • Edition 2 Add two _range functions, and use GOARM=7 building ARM32.
package main

/*
float square_sum(float *src, int dim) {
    float ss = 0;
    for (int jj = 0; jj < dim; jj++) {
        ss += src[jj] * src[jj];
    }
    return ss;
}

void multiply_with_num(float *src, float num, int dim) {
    for (int jj = 0; jj < dim; jj++) {
        src[jj] *= num;
    }
}
*/
import "C"
import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
    "time"
    "unsafe"
)

type TestFunc func()

func main() {
    runtime.GOMAXPROCS(4) // Changing GOMAXPROCS makes no difference
    // Init
    dim := 10240
    src := make([]float32, dim)
    for jj := range src {
        src[jj] = float32(jj % 10)
    }

    repeats := 200
    basicTest(func() { squareSum(src, dim) }, "Go squareSum", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { squareSum_range(src) }, "Go squareSum_range", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { C.square_sum((*C.float)(unsafe.Pointer(&src[0])), C.int(dim)) }, "C square_sum", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { multiplyWithNum(src, 1, dim) }, "Go multiplyWithNum", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { multiplyWithNum_range(src, 1) }, "Go multiplyWithNum_range", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { C.multiply_with_num((*C.float)(unsafe.Pointer(&src[0])), 1, C.int(dim)) }, "C multiply_with_num", repeats)
}

func basicTest(testFunc TestFunc, name string, repeats int) {
    ss := time.Now()
    for ii := 0; ii < repeats; ii++ {
        testFunc()
    }
    tt := time.Since(ss)
    fmt.Printf("[%s] Repeat: [%d], Total: %s, Mean: %s\n", name, repeats, tt, tt/time.Duration(repeats))
}

func squareSum(aa []float32, dim int) float32 {
    var ss float32
    for jj := 0; jj < dim; jj++ {
        ss += aa[jj] * aa[jj]
    }
    return ss
}

func squareSum_range(aa []float32) float32 {
    var ss float32
    for jj := range aa {
        ss += aa[jj] * aa[jj]
    }
    return ss
}

func multiplyWithNum(aa []float32, num float32, dim int) {
    for jj := 0; jj < dim; jj++ {
        aa[jj] *= num
    }
}

func multiplyWithNum_range(aa []float32, num float32) {
    for ii := range aa {
        aa[ii] *= num
    }
}
  • Test on host x86_64 by go run. The mean running times are simmilar.
    $ go run test_cpp.go
    [Go squareSum] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.904418ms, Mean: 9.522µs
    [Go squareSum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.911713ms, Mean: 9.558µs
    [C square_sum] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.917224ms, Mean: 9.586µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum] Repeat: [200], Total: 978.724µs, Mean: 4.893µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 956.303µs, Mean: 4.781µs
    [C multiply_with_num] Repeat: [200], Total: 964.747µs, Mean: 4.823µs
  • Test on host x86_64 by go build and run. The mean running times vary.
    $ go build -a test_cpp.go
    $ ./test_cpp
    [Go squareSum] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.180981ms, Mean: 10.904µs
    [Go squareSum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.925532ms, Mean: 9.627µs
    [C square_sum] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.947857ms, Mean: 9.739µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum] Repeat: [200], Total: 833.088µs, Mean: 4.165µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 602.318µs, Mean: 3.011µs
    [C multiply_with_num] Repeat: [200], Total: 863.123µs, Mean: 4.315µs
    
    $ ./test_cpp
    [Go squareSum] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.55661ms, Mean: 52.783µs
    [Go squareSum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.226328ms, Mean: 51.131µs
    [C square_sum] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.421496ms, Mean: 32.107µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.327771ms, Mean: 11.638µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.451907ms, Mean: 7.259µs
    [C multiply_with_num] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.883815ms, Mean: 9.419µs
  • Test on ARM64. squareSum is similar, but multiplyWithNum is ~7 times slower.
    $ adb shell 'cat /proc/cpuinfo'
    Processor       : AArch64 Processor rev 4 (aarch64)
    CPU architecture: 8
    Hardware        : Qualcomm Technologies, Inc SDM630
    
    $ SDK_HOME="$HOME/Android/Sdk/ndk/21.0.6113669/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64"
    $ ANDROID_CC="$SDK_HOME/bin/aarch64-linux-android29-clang -Wl,-rpath-link,$SDK_HOME/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android/29"
    $ ANDROID_ARCH="arm64"
    
    $ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=android GOARCH=$ANDROID_ARCH CC=$ANDROID_CC go build -a test_cpp.go
    $ adb push test_cpp /data/local/tmp
    $ adb shell '/data/local/tmp/test_cpp'
    [Go squareSum] Repeat: [200], Total: 8.596094ms, Mean: 42.98µs
    [Go squareSum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 7.548593ms, Mean: 37.742µs
    [C square_sum] Repeat: [200], Total: 7.679844ms, Mean: 38.399µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum] Repeat: [200], Total: 11.419532ms, Mean: 57.097µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.328698ms, Mean: 51.643µs
    [C multiply_with_num] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.431354ms, Mean: 7.156µs
  • Test on ARM32. squareSum is similar, but multiplyWithNum is ~1.5 times slower after adding GOARM=7.
    $ adb shell 'cat /proc/cpuinfo'
    model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 1 (v7l)
    CPU architecture: 7
    Hardware        : Generic DT based system
    
    $ SDK_HOME="$HOME/Android/Sdk/ndk/21.0.6113669/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64"
    $ ANDROID_CC="$SDK_HOME/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi29-clang -Wl,-rpath-link,$SDK_HOME/sysroot/usr/lib/arm-linux-androideabi/29"
    $ ANDROID_ARCH="arm"
    
    $ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=android GOARCH=$ANDROID_ARCH GOARM=7 CC=$ANDROID_CC go build -a test_cpp.go
    $ adb push test_cpp /data/local/tmp
    $ adb shell '/data/local/tmp/test_cpp'
    [Go squareSum] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.548209ms, Mean: 32.741µs
    [Go squareSum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.442917ms, Mean: 32.214µs
    [C square_sum] Repeat: [200], Total: 5.458542ms, Mean: 27.292µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum] Repeat: [200], Total: 5.886126ms, Mean: 29.43µs
    [Go multiplyWithNum_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 5.243293ms, Mean: 26.216µs
    [C multiply_with_num] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.371375ms, Mean: 16.856µs

So what did I do wrong here? How can I improve this?

What did you expect to see?

Expect to see Go has a similar performance on ARM32 / ARM64 platform.

What did you see instead?

  • Go on X86_64 platform has a similar performance with cpp.
  • Go multiplyWithNum function on ARM64 platform is ~7 times slower than cpp.
  • Go multiplyWithNum function on ARM32 platform is ~1.5 times slower than cpp.
@gopherbot gopherbot added the mobile Android, iOS, and x/mobile label Nov 24, 2020
@gopherbot gopherbot added this to the Unreleased milestone Nov 24, 2020
@AlexRouSg
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AlexRouSg commented Nov 24, 2020

Your go code uses 64 bit sqrt while the c code uses 32 bit sqrt.
And the memory layout is different.
That is not exactly a fair comparison.

@leondgarse
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leondgarse commented Nov 25, 2020

@AlexRouSg ya, I edited the code above, as it's a large part, so I edited directly on the question. It's my fault didn't take a further test...

  • Separate L2Norm into two functions squareSum and multiplyWithNum.
  • Both using a 1 dimension array now.
  • Updated executing results.
  • It makes some differences, squareSum on ARM64 platform is similar.

@AlexRouSg
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hmmm for ARM32 try setting the GOARM=7 env var to make sure it's using the armv7 calls. Might want to do a go build -a to force a rebuild. I'm not too sure whether the other numbers are expected so you'll have to wait for someone else to comment on them.

@gopherbot please add labels Performance, NeedsInvestigation

@gopherbot gopherbot added NeedsInvestigation Someone must examine and confirm this is a valid issue and not a duplicate of an existing one. Performance labels Nov 25, 2020
@egonelbre
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Both of the funcs have an extra bounds check that might be part of the reason. Compare https://go.godbolt.org/z/eGne9o.

func multiplyWithNum(xs []float32, num float32) {
    for i := range xs {
        xs[i] *= num
    }
}

Rest of the difference probably comes from different optimizations https://c.godbolt.org/z/dTdrfo.

@leondgarse
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leondgarse commented Nov 26, 2020

I edited the code above according to your advises.

  • Add two _range functions. Seems it improves the performance, but still a gap for multiplyWithNum.
  • Use GOARM=7 on ARM32. It do works!
  • A basicTest function for testing, as it's getting large...
  • Updated executing results. It's mainly the ARM32 one.

The compiler do show something, I'm still trying to understand it.

@egonelbre
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egonelbre commented Nov 26, 2020

Looking at gcc & clang output https://c.godbolt.org/z/vo7nhz, it seems they are unrolling the loop. (Notice the multiple calls to fmul in the assembly.)

@egonelbre
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egonelbre commented Nov 26, 2020

Here are manually unrolled Go versions https://play.golang.org/p/O3gUjWq4aMi.

Results from RaspberryPi 4 (using arm32), Go 1.15.5, gcc 8.3.0:

go    20982.638ns
go u2 12497.042ns
go u3 10857.608ns
go u4 10101.493ns
c     15200.917ns

@leondgarse
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leondgarse commented Nov 27, 2020

I tested your code on ARM32, and it also improves performance under my environment!

[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.441751ms, Mean: 32.208µs
[Go scale_range] Repeat: [200], Total: 5.249708ms, Mean: 26.248µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.955ms, Mean: 19.775µs
[Go scale_unroll1] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.919709ms, Mean: 54.598µs
[Go scale_unroll2] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.766ms, Mean: 18.83µs
[Go scale_unroll3] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.391792ms, Mean: 16.958µs
[Go scale_unroll4] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.937959ms, Mean: 14.689µs

I also did some assemble test on ARM64, here is my results:

  • Firstly, add a test_cpp.s file, so I can change asm code there directly. Including two functions:
    • scale_range_asm_1 is the original compiled one.
    • scale_range_asm_2 using R2*4 instead of LSL $2, R2, R3, which is the amd64 compiled method.
    #include "textflag.h"
    
    TEXT    ·scale_range_asm_1(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-32
            MOVD    xs+8(FP), R0
            MOVD    xs(FP), R1
            FMOVS   scale+24(FP), F0
            MOVD    ZR, R2
            JMP     scale_range_asm_1_2
    scale_range_asm_1_1:
            LSL     $2, R2, R3
            FMOVS   (R1)(R3), F1
            FMULS   F0, F1, F1
            FMOVS   F1, (R1)(R3)
            ADD     $1, R2, R2
    scale_range_asm_1_2:
            CMP     R0, R2
            BLT     scale_range_asm_1_1
            RET     (R30)
    
    TEXT    ·scale_range_asm_2(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-32
            MOVD    xs+8(FP), R0
            MOVD    xs(FP), R1
            FMOVS   scale+24(FP), F0
            MOVD    ZR, R2
            JMP     scale_range_asm_2_2
    scale_range_asm_2_1:
            FMOVS   (R1)(R2*4), F1
            FMULS   F0, F1, F1
            FMOVS   F1, (R1)(R2*4)
            ADD     $1, R2, R2
    scale_range_asm_2_2:
            CMP     R0, R2
            BLT     scale_range_asm_2_1
            RET     (R30)
  • Delete all C part from test_cpp.go.
  • Then add function definitions and test calls in go file test_cpp.go
    ...
    func scale_range_asm_1(xs []float32, scale float32)
    func scale_range_asm_2(xs []float32, scale float32)
    ...
    func main() {
        ...
        basicTest(func() { scale_range_asm_1(src, 1) }, "Go scale_range_asm_1", repeats)
        basicTest(func() { scale_range_asm_2(src, 1) }, "Go scale_range_asm_2", repeats)
        ...
    }
  • Go build and run on ARM64
    $ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=android GOARCH=$ANDROID_ARCH CC=$ANDROID_CC go build -a .
    $ ls
    test_asm_arm64  test_cpp.go  test_cpp.s
    
    $ adb push test_asm_arm64 /data/local/tmp && adb shell '/data/local/tmp/test_asm_arm64'
    [Go scale range] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.336041ms, Mean: 51.68µs
    [Go scale_range_asm_1] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.579948ms, Mean: 52.899µs
    [Go scale_range_asm_2] Repeat: [200], Total: 8.107604ms, Mean: 40.538µs
    [Go scale_unroll2] Repeat: [200], Total: 7.169792ms, Mean: 35.848µs
    [Go scale_unroll3] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.878385ms, Mean: 34.391µs
    [Go scale_unroll4] Repeat: [200], Total: 6.851875ms, Mean: 34.259µs
  • Seems the scale_range_asm_2 is improving the performance under my environment...

@egonelbre
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I guess the issue can be clarified to Go arm doesn't use indexed loads. https://go.godbolt.org/z/aovTe1

@egonelbre
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Maybe fmovs needs separate rules at https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/gen/ARM64.rules#L772

Indexed loads work properly for uint32.

package ex

func getUint32(xs []uint32, i int) uint32 {
    return xs[i]
}

func getFloat32(xs []float32, i int) float32 {
    return xs[i]
}
        text    "".getUint32(SB), LEAF|NOFRAME|ABIInternal, $0-40
        funcdata        ZR, gclocals·1a65e721a2ccc325b382662e7ffee780(SB)
        funcdata        $1, gclocals·69c1753bd5f81501d95132d08af04464(SB)
        movd    "".i+24(FP), R0
        movd    "".xs(FP), R1
        movwu   (R1)(R0<<2), R0
        movw    R0, "".~r2+32(FP)
        ret     (R30)

        text    "".getFloat32(SB), LEAF|NOFRAME|ABIInternal, $0-40
        funcdata        ZR, gclocals·1a65e721a2ccc325b382662e7ffee780(SB)
        funcdata        $1, gclocals·69c1753bd5f81501d95132d08af04464(SB)
        movd    "".i+24(FP), R0
        lsl     $2, R0, R0
        movd    "".xs(FP), R1
        fmovs   (R1)(R0), F0
        fmovs   F0, "".~r2+32(FP)
        ret     (R30)

@gopherbot
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Change https://golang.org/cl/273706 mentions this issue: cmd/compile: ARM64 optimize []float64 and []float32 access

@leondgarse
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@egonelbre I found something else on ARM64, that if we use double / float64 in scale, executing time for cpp will double, but almost no difference for go.

  • Result
$ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=android GOARCH=$ANDROID_ARCH CC=$ANDROID_CC go build -a test_cpp_scale.go
$ adb push test_cpp_scale /data/local/tmp && adb shell '/data/local/tmp/test_cpp_scale'
test_cpp_scale: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 3590.1 MB/s (2374192 bytes in 0.001s)
[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.604791ms, Mean: 53.023µs
[Go scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.56849ms, Mean: 52.842µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.54927ms, Mean: 7.746µs
[C scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.954636ms, Mean: 14.773µs
  • Script
package main

/*
float scale(float *src, int dim, float scale) {
    for(int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        src[i] *= scale;
    }
    return src[dim-1];
}

double scale64(double *src, int dim, double scale) {
    for(int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        src[i] *= scale;
    }
    return src[dim-1];
}
*/
import "C"
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
    "unsafe"
)

type TestFunc func()

func main() {
    dim := 10240
    src := make([]float32, dim)
    for jj := range src {
        src[jj] = float32(jj % 10)
    }
    src64 := make([]float64, dim)
    for jj := range src64 {
        src64[jj] = float64(jj % 10)
    }

    repeats := 200
    basicTest(func() { scale(src, 1) }, "Go scale", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { scale64(src64, 1) }, "Go scale64", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { C.scale((*C.float)(unsafe.Pointer(&src[0])), C.int(dim), 1) }, "C scale", repeats)
    basicTest(func() { C.scale64((*C.double)(unsafe.Pointer(&src64[0])), C.int(dim), 1) }, "C scale64", repeats)
}

func basicTest(testFunc TestFunc, name string, repeats int) {
    ss := time.Now()
    for ii := 0; ii < repeats; ii++ {
        testFunc()
    }
    tt := time.Since(ss)
    fmt.Printf("[%s] Repeat: [%d], Total: %s, Mean: %s\n", name, repeats, tt, tt/time.Duration(repeats))
}

func scale(xs []float32, scale float32) {
    for i := range xs {
        xs[i] *= scale
    }
}

func scale64(xs []float64, scale float64) {
    for i := range xs {
        xs[i] *= scale
    }
}
  • From cpp asm code scale / scale64, we can see scale is using s0 / s1, while scale64 using d0 / d1.
  • CPP scale on ARM64 is insanely fast, don't know if that's I'm missing any parameter here...

@egonelbre
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I tested the same code on Raspberry 4 (with the fix and using gcc), results:

[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.264352ms, Mean: 16.321µs
[Go scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.285981ms, Mean: 16.429µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.910802ms, Mean: 14.554µs
[C scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.032948ms, Mean: 15.164µs

Using clang:

ubuntu@cloudy:~/code/sandbox/floats$ CC=clang go run main.go
[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.297851ms, Mean: 16.489µs
[Go scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 4.368629ms, Mean: 21.843µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 1.156703ms, Mean: 5.783µs
[C scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.338682ms, Mean: 11.693µs

Looking at the C assembly, it seems clang is automatically vectorizing and interleaving. See https://llvm.org/docs/Vectorizers.html for more information. This explains the 2x difference.

After disabling vectorization and interleaving, I got:

ubuntu@cloudy:~/code/sandbox/floats$ CC=clang go run main.go
[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.279888ms, Mean: 16.399µs
[Go scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.266185ms, Mean: 16.33µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 3.077429ms, Mean: 15.387µs
[C scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 2.845988ms, Mean: 14.229µs

@leondgarse
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Ya, I think that can explain it. Thanks for your clarify.

$ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=android GOARCH=$ANDROID_ARCH CC="$ANDROID_CC" CGO_CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-vectorize" go build -a test_cpp_scale.go
$ adb push test_cpp_scale /data/local/tmp && adb shell '/data/local/tmp/test_cpp_scale'
test_cpp_scale: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 3243.5 MB/s (2364312 bytes in 0.001s)
[Go scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.593854ms, Mean: 52.969µs
[Go scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 10.506198ms, Mean: 52.53µs
[C scale] Repeat: [200], Total: 7.748177ms, Mean: 38.74µs
[C scale64] Repeat: [200], Total: 7.8475ms, Mean: 39.237µs

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