Linux 4.5 introduced (and Linux 5.3 refined) the copy_file_range
system call, which allows file systems the opportunity to implement
copy acceleration techniques. This commit adds support for
copy_file_range(2) to the os package.

Introduce a new ReadFrom method on *os.File, which makes *os.File
implement the io.ReaderFrom interface. If dst and src are both files,
this enables io.Copy(dst, src) to call dst.ReadFrom(src), which, in
turn, will call copy_file_range(2) if possible. If copy_file_range(2)
is not supported by the host kernel, or if either of dst or src
refers to a non-regular file, ReadFrom falls back to the regular
io.Copy code path.

Add internal/poll.CopyFileRange, which acquires locks on the
appropriate poll.FDs and performs the actual work, as well as
internal/syscall/unix.CopyFileRange, which wraps the copy_file_range
system call itself at the lowest level.

Rework file layout in internal/syscall/unix to accomodate the
additional system call numbers needed for copy_file_range.
Merge these definitions with the ones used by getrandom(2) into
sysnum_linux_$GOARCH.go files.

A note on additional optimizations: if dst and src both refer to pipes
in the invocation dst.ReadFrom(src), we could, in theory, use the
existing splice(2) code in package internal/poll to splice directly
from src to dst. Attempting this runs into trouble with the poller,
however. If we call splice(src, dst) and see EAGAIN, we cannot know
if it came from src not being ready for reading or dst not being
ready for writing. The write end of src and the read end of dst are
not under our control, so we cannot reliably use the poller to wait
for readiness. Therefore, it seems infeasible to use the new ReadFrom
method to splice between pipes directly. In conclusion, for now, the
only optimization enabled by the new ReadFrom method on *os.File is
the copy_file_range optimization.

Fixes golang#36817.

Change-Id: I696372639fa0cdf704e3f65414f7321fc7d30adb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/229101
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

Now that we've added a os.File.ReadFrom method, io.CopyBuffer to a
os.File will no longer use the provided buffer.

For #16474
For #36817
For #37419

Change-Id: I79a3bf778ff93eab88e88dd9ecbb8c7ea101e868
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/238864
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>

On current Linux kernels copy_file_range does not correctly handle
files in certain special file systems, such as /proc. For those file
systems it fails to copy any data and returns zero. This breaks Go's
io.Copy for those files.

Fix the problem by assuming that if copy_file_range returns 0 the
first time it is called on a file, that that file is not supported.
In that case fall back to just using read. This will force an extra
system call when using io.Copy to copy a zero-sized normal file,
but at least it will work correctly.

For #36817
Fixes #44272

Change-Id: I02e81872cb70fda0ce5485e2ea712f219132e614
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/291989
Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>

…assume it failed

On current Linux kernels copy_file_range does not correctly handle
files in certain special file systems, such as /proc. For those file
systems it fails to copy any data and returns zero. This breaks Go's
io.Copy for those files.

Fix the problem by assuming that if copy_file_range returns 0 the
first time it is called on a file, that that file is not supported.
In that case fall back to just using read. This will force an extra
system call when using io.Copy to copy a zero-sized normal file,
but at least it will work correctly.

For #36817
For #44272
Fixes #44273

Change-Id: I02e81872cb70fda0ce5485e2ea712f219132e614
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/291989
Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 30641e3)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/292289